First Aid For...
Snakebites

First aid for snakebites is a valuable skill. Every year 8,000 people in the United States suffer snakebites by poisonous snakes 8 to 15 of those will die.

Most species of snake are harmless but unless you are absolutely sure treat it seriously.

This protocol can be used for rattlesnake bite treatment and first aid.

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Snake Facts

• The USA has four major kinds of poisonous snakes - Coral Snakes and three Pit Vipers: Rattlesnakes, Water Moccasins (Cottonmouths), and Copperheads.
• Children are at higher risk for death or serious complications because of their smaller body size.
• Snakes found in and near water are frequently mistaken as being poisonous.
• About 99 percent of the venomous bites in this country are from pit vipers (Rattlesnakes, Water Moccasins and Copperheads).
• Every state but Maine, Alaska and Hawaii is home to at least one of 20 domestic poisonous snake species.
• A snake can actually bite for up to an hour after it's dead (from a reflex).

Snake Identification

• Pit vipers have triangular heads.
• The name Pit Viper is derived from a small pit between the nostril and the eye on each side of the head.
• The bite of the Pit Viper is a lightning-like strike, usually on the legs or hands, as the snake injects venom from two fangs in the forward portion of its upper jaw.
• The bite of a Pit Viper will cause severe pain and rapid swelling and discoloration of the skin at the bite area.

Coral Snakes

• Coral snakes have black, red and yellow bands.
• Coral snakes inject venom by chewing on the victim.
• They often allow you to handle them for long periods of time before biting.
• Because they are colorful, children often catch and play with these snakes.

First Aid For Snakebites

• Get medical help immediately.
• Remain calm, remember most snakebites are not fatal.
• Minimize movement if possible. Though if you are hiking alone you may have to hike out for help.
• If you have a pump suction device (such as that made by Sawyer), follow the manufacturer's directions.
• If you are bitten on the arm or finer remove any rings, bracelets or watches. Loosen any tight clothing in case swelling occurs.
• Mark the leading edge of the swelling around the wound. Time the progression of the swelling.
• Limit fluids this can increase swelling.
• DO NOT give the person aspirin or other pain relievers.
• DO NOT apply a tourniquet.
• DO NOT try and suck the venom out of the wound.
• DO NOT cut into the wound with a knife.
• DO NOT apply a cold compress.
• DO NOT raise the wound above the heart.
• DO NOT try and capture the snake. If it's safe you can try to take a Polaroid, digital camera or snap a picture with your phone.
• DO NOT use a stun gun or electric shock on the wound.